A Mother-Daughter Relationship Essay

The publication had the rarest of chances and of course, a bit of luck, to have the honor of reading from Mrs. Jane Bingley excerpt at her house near Longbourn. We have come to speak with the former Ms. Bennet about her mother, who sadly passed away five years ago after a period of ill health. After being supplied by a generous amount of tea and sweets, Mrs. Jane Bingley was more than accommodating. She had welcomed us graciously into her home and had agreed a few weeks before to conduct this interview. Clearly, there were some unresolved issues before their mother’s death. I asked whether there were some specific issue. Yes, the whole affair was a fiasco. Men came strolling down our lawn, some high-society people, right old snobs by the way, and of course my mother, who I daresay was in the middle of it all. Indeed, it was quite a fiasco for the Bennet family. Miss Jane Bennet-Bingley was the eldest of five children of the Bennet family. Their mother, as she narrates, was highly-obsessed with the idea of accomplishing her self-sworn duty to see all her daughters to get married. She used to send my sisters and me to social gatherings, and such. It was the popular thing to do back then and consequently became a symbol of social stature. We were just middle-class, or more appropriately, preferred to linger between in the middle with menial social associations. This proved to be a factor toward their marriages which, by some sort of instances, was provoked by a high-class society member: the late Lady Catherine. She was arrogant, just like any aristocrat back then. She especially gave my sister, Lizzy (Elizabeth) a hard time since her husband was a nephew of hers. She did not want some sort of low-class society girl with his well-bred nephew. But then, the way things turned out surprised everybody, including me. About my mother’s personality (with expression of momentary soft happiness), I did not hate nor despise my mother. My father would probably scorn at the thought, but then again, my father talked little. He cared for us and for the family very much but he would just sit sometimes in his study and let our mother do all the talking. Mrs. Bennet was a woman of mean understanding, little information, and uncertain temper. When she was discontented, she fancied herself nervously. The business of her life was to get her daughters married; its solace was visiting and news (Austen). Mrs. Bennet’s proudest moment would be the marriage of her two daughters, Jane and Elizabeth, to both respectable and hard-working men. We had our own marriage. My mother did not have any part of it; though I like to think that she did try to impress upon everybody else that she did have a part of it â€Å"on our marriage†. She was always fussy, kind to people, especially our husbands. She tried everything to put us in our good name, just to get married. Indeed, the social status during Mrs. Bingley’s time was centered on the idea that women had only one goal in their lives—that is, to get married. Quite ludicrous actually; in changing times, the status of women have elevated to a more distinguished level. But my mother, if she were alive today, would not understand that. Mrs. Bingley, according to their narration, lived for the purpose of seeing her daughters married without any preamble or consideration for their feelings. Her obsession for marriage blinded her real nature. She was a good mother though; she never failed to uphold her duty as my father’s wife or our mother. I was indeed surprised that my father did not react in such a way that he was displeased with my mother’s behavior back then. But I suppose it was really just her nature to be so. To summarily put forward a remark, I did not like the way my mother handled our affairs when she was still alive. She often embarrassed us and the family with her superfluous attempts of raising the name of the family even though it wasn’t needed. She was much concerned with the way we compose ourselves that she had started to ignore her own behavior. She acted like most mothers would do, though in a different case. And if she did not do what she did, I might still be single anyway. We loved her and we still do. Reference Austen, J. (1995). Pride and Prejudice.

Notebook Analysis

Analysis of The Notebook Movie Clip Lindsey Scott ENG225 Allison Sansbury November 18, 2012 Analysis of The Notebook Movie Clip There are many people involved in making a movie possible. When everything is put together it seems as though it was just one simple camera shot. But looking closer and at a short clip of a movie shows a little light on how much was actually done to make it realistic. The first thing people notice and pay attention to are the actors. But who tells the actors where to stand, what to say, and what emotions to portray? Who adds that little bit of background music to bring out the anger, sadness, or love in a scene?When going through the â€Å"outtakes† of a movie it shows that there is someone responsible for putting just the right shots in the right place. There is more to a movie than just the actors and someone yelling â€Å"cut†. Watching a clip of the movie trailer for The Notebook brings all of these things to light. In the movie The Noteboo k the director is Nick Cassavetes. His role is to translate the screenwriter’s story so that the actors and crew can successfully play it out. It’s up to the director to turn the elements into film with words, images, and sound. This brings together an entertaining movie.Nick was able to take Nicholas Sparks book and bring the characters, emotions, and story to life. The way be brought together Nicholas Sparks’ vision and his own created an amazing movie. The production designer Sarah E. Knowles, was responsible for the overall look of a project. â€Å"They direct the art department and set builders to turn their imagination into reality. † (http://filmtvcareers. about. com/od/basics/p/CP_ProdDesigner. htm). In this clip the characters are outside a beautiful house. This setting is simply and an area that everyone can relate to.By not having them in some farfetched place Sarah kept the realistic feel to the couples argument. Art director Scott T. Ritenour over seed the artistic design of advertisements and print materials, as well as the filming of television commercials. He was the decision maker responsible for the finished product. â€Å"The art director chooses a photographer, an illustrator, models, and any props necessary for an ad. If a print ad comes back from the printer with an imperfection, the art director is responsible for retouching it. † (http://careers. stateuniversity. com/pages/115/Art-Director. tml#ixzz2CKahNlDp) This clip in particular is at night. The sky is dark with just the lighting of the porch light and driveway lights. Yet the lighting that the artists used allows us to be able to see the expressions on the characters faces. It sets a serious mood with the added emotion of trying to read each other’s faces in the dark. As the couple bickers back and forth they move along with the other to try and read their facial expressions. The clip ends with Noah driving away in his truck. As he is drivi ng down the driveway the only light is the path lights.This allows him to drive into the dark of the night and sets the thought of him being gone. As this is happening it shows Allie standing alone. The darkness of the night emphases Allie feeling alone and left behind as Noah drives away. Allie is from a wealthy family while Noah is quite poor. Throughout the movie you are constantly reminded about their social class standing by their appearance. In the clip of them breaking up, Allie of course is in a very nice and clean dress and jacket. Her hair is curled and her natural makeup gives her the innocent girl look. She continuously has matching earrings to her outfits.While Noah is in a flannel jacket, messy hair and using his work truck. Having Noah in lower class clothes while standing in front of Allie’s parents house shows the difference and why he would feel misplaced. Her family has already made it very clear that they are not ok with their relationship. Back in the 194 0’s (the time setting of the movie), it was not acceptable for a women from a wealthy family to court such a lower class man. We can see the struggle and heartache the two go through just to be together. Allis is always worried about what everyone else will think and what her parents want for her.Yet Noah is such a free spirit and just wants Allie to be happy. Showing Allie dressed so prim and proper whenever she is around anyone yet not caring if she is dirty, messy or dripping wet around Noah is a symbol of her love. It shows that she is so comfortable with him and truly does not care about the money or class statue. Noah tries to look his best when meeting her parents. By changing his appearance for Allie to try and make her feel more comfortable and have her relationship accepted by her family is such a kind gesture. Even though these costume changes are throughout the movie, it is

Compare and contrast plato and decsartes Essay

Descartes and Plato are two of the most influential thinkers within philosophy. The allegory of the cave and systematic doubt are also two of the most famous concepts within philosophy. Plato at the time of writing the cave allegory was trying to resist the growing influence of the Sophist philosophers who prioritised semantics and rhetoric over truth. 1 Descartes by introducing radical scepticism to philosophy was challenging traditional scholastic philosophy which had dominated the philosophy for many centuries. While both pieces of writing are separated by different ages of time and space, they share many  similarities as well as fundamental differences. This essay will attempt to compare and contrast these two bodies of work by firstly explaining what is Descartes’ systematic doubt and Plato’s Allegory of the cave before finally examining the similarities and differences between them in the final paragraph of analysis. Descartes in his first meditation introduces the concept of Radical doubt which similarly places suspicion on the senses and the appearance of things. This involves stripping away all one’s beliefs and preconceived notions in order to find the foundational bedrock of  knowledge in which all sciences could then grow2. Descartes begins his first meditation by casting doubt on all his beliefs, if a belief can be even slightly doubted it must be discarded. He wants to ‘reject as absolutely false anything in which I could imagine the least amount of doubt3’ this is called radical scepticism where all beliefs must be challenged. Through this experiment Descartes conceded that the physical senses are not to be trusted as they have deceived him before, this is known as sensory deception and this revelation forces him to  doubt any beliefs about the external world and knowledge that is gathered by the five senses. His examination also reveals that dreams states can be difficult to distinguish between waking life, this has happened before where he thought he was in bed but wasn’t. Henceforth one cannot truly know if they are awake observing reality or asleep enjoying a dream, this is known as the dream hypothesis. Descartes also uncovers the evil demon hypothesis whereby all external reality observed may be just an illusion that is perpetrated by an evil demon  seeking to deceive him, also there is the problem that all previous memories about oneself could simply just be imagination and not grounded in any reality. The system of radical doubt leads Descartes into murky territory where he cannot believe in the existence of anything at 1 JULIAS, ANNAS: INTRODUCTION TO PLATO’S REPUBLIC(NEW YORK, 1998)P. 252 2 JOHN, COTTINGHAM, DESCARTES: THE PHILOSOPHY OF MIND(LONDON, 1997) P. 21 3 JOHN CORRINGHAM, DESCARTES: MEDITATIONS ON FIRST PHILOSOPHY (NEW YORK, 2013) P. 33 all. This thankfully is changed when he discovers the cogito’ I think therefore I am’, his  starting point which saves him from uncertainty, allowing him to prove that he exists. In Plato’s allegory of the cave, there are prisoners who are locked up within the depths of a cave. All day long, they are situated in front of a wall and behind them is a fire which reflects shadows on the wall. Unbeknownst to the prisoners, there are puppeteers who use the firelight to reflect shadows of their puppets upon the wall while making noises ‘the truth would be literally nothing but the shadows’4. The prisoners are unaware of this illusion and mistakenly believe these shadows are real images. One day, a prisoner is released from his chains and allowed to walk freely about the cave. Although it is confusing for him to see the puppets and fire, he is forced to accept this clearer version of reality and eventually ascents through the cave, spending a day and night under the sun and the stars. As he becomes familiar with the world above, he realises the sun is the giver of light, how it casts shadows and how his prior life in the cave was an entire illusion. This newfound enlightenment Plato remarks will prevent him from ever returning to the life in cave, nor will his old inmates  believe him if he tried to free him, instead ‘they would put him to death5’ This intellectual awakening will cause the inmate to grasp the idea of good, the eternal form which will urge him to act ‘rationally in public or private life6’. Ultimately Plato suggests the inmate should return to his old friends and seek to help them. The cave analogy is concerned with the human condition and its’ lack of enlightenment7, for Plato the prisoners represent ordinary citizens who hold false beliefs (shadows), reality is dictated to them by their senses (appearance of things) allowing them to be easily manipulated8. Ignorance is then symbolised by darkness and the intellect and reason is symbolised by the light. The journey of the inmate from darkness to light is a metaphor for education which allows one to progress from the ignorance in the depths of the cave to the intellectual plains of the enlightened one in the outside world. The outer world symbolises true knowledge, the realisation of eternal forms while the cave again illustrates the world of appearance and false beliefs, Woozley writes ‘most men without knowing it live in this shadow world’9 4 PLATO. ALLEGORY OF THE CAVE. P. 74 5 IBID. P. 75 6 IBID. P. 75. 7 ANTHONY, WOOZLEY: PLATO’S REPUBLIC: A PHILOSOPHICAL COMMENTARY(LONDON, 1989)P206 8 JULIAS, ANNAS: INTRODUCTION TO PLATO’S REPUBLIC(NEW YORK, 1998)P254 The cave analogy and Descartes systematic doubt have much in common. Both are concerned with the illusory nature of the senses and external reality, for Plato people place too much emphasis on the senses, on the appearance of things as illustrated in by the shadows on the wall, this leads them to hold false beliefs and to be easily misled, only by entering the realm of thought can people free themselves by gaining knowledge and becoming enlightened. Descartes through the systematic doubt also maintains that external reality cannot be truly known; the sensory deception and evil demon hypothesis cast doubt on the authenticity of the outside world. Indeed the evil demon hypothesis is an almost identical scenario to that of the prisoners whose sensory perception is distorted by the shadow wielding puppeteers. Only through the mind or intellect can an individual overcome the illusory nature of the senses, it allows the prisoner to access the outside world to gain enlightenment and help his fellow inmates while for Descartes the mind by way of the cogito is the one thing  that cannot be doubted which through it allows him prove the existence of the outside world in his later meditations. The cave is an analogy which illustrates how people can possess false consciousness and how through reason and knowledge one can overcome this while systematic doubt is an instruction on how to discard false beliefs, the ascent through the cave into the intellectual world is the finishing point for Plato while the cogito for Descartes is a starting point for further investigation. The two authors also differ on the type of philosophy employed in their argument. Plato insists that after the ascent , the prisoner will experience the idea of the good ‘ the lord of light in the visible world, and the immediate source of reason and truth in the intellectual’10 the good then is the highest point of knowledge and represents Plato’s philosophy of perfect types or forms known as idealism, Descartes through highlighting the sensory, dream and demon hypothesis illustrates how the external world cannot be relied upon as a basis for true knowledge, but the cogito is a starting point, the attempt to find secure beliefs that allow a foundation for further knowledge to be rested upon  is known as Foundationalism which is credited to Descartes. In conclusion, both Descartes and Plato in their attempts to challenge the prevailing doctrine of their respective times introduced two of the most influential concepts in the world of Philosophy. Descartes through his examination of systematic doubt uncovers the limitations of the physical senses in acquiring knowledge and introduces further challenges to understanding external reality with the dream, memory and evil demon hypothesis. Only 9 ANTHONY, WOOZLEY: PLATO’S REPUBLIC: A PHILOSOPHICAL COMMENTARY(LONDON, 1989)P. 223 10 PLATO. ALLEGORY OF THE CAVE. P. 77  through the mind alone can one grasp the nature of reality starting with the cogito. Likewise Plato is concerned with the appearance of things, how the senses can deceive us and humanity like the inmates in the cave can live in a state of ignorance or darkness if they don’t use the power of the mind to acquire knowledge and reason. Only through using the intellect can humanity gather true knowledge and escape the darkness in the cave. For both the intellect is the only means for gathering true knowledge, the senses are illusory. Descartes systematic doubt and cogito provide the foundational starting point for the sciences while the  cave allegory offers advocates a way of life for humanity to feign the world of ignorance and seek true knowledge so that those who acquire it will return to the cave and help their fellow man. Works Cited: Annas, Julias. An Introduction to Plato’s’ Republic. New York: Oxford University Press Cottingham, John. Descartes: Meditations on First Philosophy. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2013 Cottingham, John. Ed. Ray Monk. Descartes’ Philosophy of Mind. London: Phoenix Publishers, 1997 Plato. The Allegory of the cave. Week 5 Handout Woozley, Anthony. Plato’s Republic: A philosophical commentary. London: MacMillan Publishers, 1989.

Why is money supply not under the tight control of central banks Essay - 2

Why is money supply not under the tight control of central banks - Essay Example spite this clear relationship between money supply and banks, there are other factors that influence the control of national and international money supply and take away the full control of banks; these include personal account holders, foreign investors and various businesses and corporations. Ancient Babylonian records dating from the 18th century BC show that a rudimentary form of banking was established at that time (Leick 161). Although these early storehouses could not necessarily equate with modern banks, they did serve the purpose of storage of wealth in the form of grain, gold and other valuables. From these immense storehouses, people chose to lend and borrow based on agreements made on a person-to-person basis. Financial relationships such as these expanded in the following centuries and we can see evidence of basic banking centres from the Greeks, the Egyptians and Romans. As banking progressed, the idea of storing wealth became more complicated as people tried to decide of fair ways of paying back loans on various items (Smith 4). Seeds, which could reproduce and therefore become worth more in the end, would require an equal repayment that included interest; this was an idea that quickly took hold and has helped to define modern banking (Heichelheim 56). After the Roman Empire lost its power, banking actually became a derelict practise in most of Europe until centuries later. When it was revived in later years, banking gained the addition of one factor that would revolutionise it: hard currency (Butler et al 27). Currency became redeemable for actual products when prior to its advent, financial exchanges were completed with the end product already in hand (for example, gold exchanged for a certain amount of grain, or grain for eggs). Currency became the primary source of finance instead of a mere representation of ‘true’ finance; based on currency, interest rates and the need for people to store their wealth away safely, banks were

Learning English Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Learning English - Essay Example   I was born and raised in a Middle Eastern country. one of my uncles was a well-known businessman who had dealings with people from all over the world. As a child, I often heard him interact with them in a different language and at one time, I gained the courage to ask him what language it was. That was the first time that I encountered the word English and I became fascinated with it.   My uncle told me that English, like Arabic, was an international language which was used to communicate with people all over the world, no matter their nationality.   However, in my country, there was little opportunity for learning this language because the medium of teaching in school was mainly in Arabic. Despite this, I resolved that there would come a time when I would learn English and be able to communicate with people from other cultures. My opportunity came when my application to Middle Tennessee State University was accepted and became the turning point because of my desire to learn English came to be satisfied. In America, I met an individual who would not only teach me the English language but also make it possible for me to gain some proficiency in it.  My two friends, Abdullah and Mustafa, and I started taking English classes with Irving Penzo, a renowned English teacher who helped the three of us excel in the language. from the beginning of our classes, we all took to him because he was not only jovial but also a man who was dedicated to the welfare of all of his students.

Environmental Scanning for the Vermont Teddy Bear Company Essay

Environmental Scanning for the Vermont Teddy Bear Company - Essay Example 4. Local supply exceeds demand 0.1 2 0.2 looking at the profitability of their various retail locations 5. Web site update 0.0 4 0.0 Web services for customers open new market opportunities 7. Product innovation and development 0.2 3 0.6 Increase the competitiveness of products 8. Offshore Resources philosophy 0.2 4 0.8 They help to lower the price level 9. Lack of consistent funding source and reduction of funding 0.1 3 0.3 The least-obligation was repayable on a 20-year amortization schedule through July 2017 Total 2.8 Vermont Teddy Bear Company operates in a simple and static environment. Firms operating in a relatively simple and static environment can generally rely on management strategies that are based on historical data (and past success). Customer needs and hence sales forecasting can generally be predicted from past records. However there is a danger that managers become complacent and the survival of the business may be jeopardized by sudden and unexpected changes as with a change in the law making the sale of certain types of firework illegal. The external scanning involves the threat of entry to an industry by new competitors depends up the 'height' of a number of entry barriers. Lower the entry barriers to an industry are, the more competitors i.e. be players in the industry. Barriers to entry can take a number forms. The size of the investment required by a business wishing to enter industry will be an important determinant of the extent new entrants. Manufacturing industry like Vermont Teddy Bear Company is subject to a complex regulate framework whereas others are less so. Still, even if it is possible to predict the needs of customer there are some threats and new opportunities which should be taken into... Vermont Teddy Bear Company operates in a simple and static environment. Firms operating in a relatively simple and static environment can generally rely on management strategies that are based on historical data (and past success). Customer needs and hence sales forecasting can generally be predicted from past records. However there is a danger that managers become complacent and the survival of the business may be jeopardized by sudden and unexpected changes as with a change in the law making the sale of certain types of firework illegal. The external scanning involves the threat of entry to an industry by new competitors depends up the 'height' of a number of entry barriers. Lower the entry barriers to an industry are, the more competitors i.e. be players in the industry. Barriers to entry can take a number forms. The size of the investment required by a business wishing to enter industry will be an important determinant of the extent new entrants. Manufacturing industry like Vermont Teddy Bear Company is subject to a complex regulate framework whereas others are less so. Still, even if it is possible to predict the needs of customer there are some threats and new opportunities which should be taken into consideration. The threat of entry was chosen because it is related to the ease with which a new business can establish itself in the same product market.

Friendships Through Networking Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Friendships Through Networking - Essay Example He is also satirical in his explanation, he supports the social network is good for reconnecting with old friends, which to I also supports this opinion. He also openly admits by the fact that he is Facebook member and he is hooked up in it. He comes out openly and true to himself, yet he is careful not to be termed as a loser in the end. Social networks have messaging functions, which is a good tool if the email had not been discovered. Even though, these sites are not merely for connecting and reconnecting, the act as means of re-branding. The old people are worried in the point that there could be no more privacy in this case. But, yet they should not be sharing things that they do not want other people to know. This is because we are allowing other people to write whatever they want in our walls. If we don’t like we can always erase. Stein refers the privacy in real life something being very hard; he further says that such privacy in life would have had the bathrooms in Mi nnesota airport empty. Other people term the social network a way of rebranding ourselves. This is because we misuse the network and at times, we are so addicted in it than anything else is. We are sometimes too blunt and think that our friends will check out whatever we post immediately (Levene 240). In some instances, through research I notice some views from other sources that teenagers who use Facebook more frequently have developed narcissistic behaviors, while young kids show some sign of psychological disorders, including antisocial behaviors, mania and aggressive kind of tendencies. Frequent use of media and the technologies has had a negative impact on health of all children whose age is below 10 and those between ten and twenty. This makes them more likely be prone to anxiety, depression and to some extend psychological disorders. The extent would even put them at risk of developing future health problems. For those who are just working, if they use more of their time on t he social network, they would really concentrate on their work. They would frequently be use most of their work time chatting with friends. The use of social networks like Facebook would also distract learning and negatively affect the student’s time. Studies have shown that primary school, secondary school and college students who checked Facebook once during the 20-minute study time achieved a lower marks and lower grades in the end. In his book, Stein gives some examples of benefits of using social network as a tool of connecting and getting in touch with old friends. He has chosen to visit the opposite in brief; he had to show without being biased as a writer. In my own research and the study carried out, we notice that there are also benefits of the social networking. The fact that communicating and the need to travel has been made easy, there are also some huge benefits. The youths who spent some time on Facebook have shown some kind of empathy of their online friends w hom they have never met. The Facebook has helped some youths to socialize in all aspects. This can of media is also applicable for those who have large screen computers to those who have a small screen phones. The features are the same and most people can access online friends. Social networking has compelled teaching in some certain ways. The students engage themselves in the network and learn. In some certain cases, parents may feel unsecure about

Compare and contrast competition in beer market with competition in Essay

Compare and contrast competition in beer market with competition in tablet devices - Essay Example Steverman from Bloomberg business (2010) reports that the dismal performance of beer market in the recent times could continue because with escalating cost of production, the competitive pricing is taking a heavy toll on the companies’ financial performance. While the import has significantly come down, the adverse impact on market of the premium brands like Coors, Sub-Miller, Anheuser-Busch etc is also significant. Trends show that in the present times, people increasingly prefer cheaper brands at home and institutional sales to hotels, bar etc have come down. Thus, the market conditions for beer have become very tough and beer companies must come up with highly differentiating products and innovative market strategy to meet the challenges of time. The tablet market, on the other and has been most enthusiastic with wide range of differentiating products within tablet digital products. The technological advancements have seen some amazing innovations in the field of communicat ion and data handling. The tablet digital products are the latest craze amongst the technology savvy huge customer base across the globe.

Workplace Risk Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Workplace Risk - Case Study Example The Court of Appeal agreed with the trial court, that the movement of the reel was caused by a gravity risk and the failure to provide adequate device for safety was the main cause of the injury. In addition, the reel had to be moved from a high to a low elevator and the danger that was supposed to be guarded against came about from the force of the reel. The plaintiffs’ injury was as a result of a direct consequence of the reel going downstairs as if he was positioned in the reel’s path (Victor Vs New York Exchange, Case no 197). As a result, he suffered from an injury that was elevation related while acting as a counterweight pulley to descend an 800 pound reel down stairs. He is said to have been dragged into the make shift pulley when the reel rapidly descended downstairs. The question was whether the plaintiff injury was as a result of a direct consequence of failure to have adequate protection against such a risk that arose from physically differential elevation. 240(1), of labor law claims that a liability strict statute was designed to prevent accidents where protection devices of the above enumerated injury of the statute proved to be insufficient to shield the plaintiff from any injury that occurred from the force of gravity to the reel. Nevertheless, since the plaintiff was injured while trying to descend following the reels path, he is entitled to recover under section 240(1), and should not be denied any legal course. The differential elevation was not seen as de minimis, because the weight of th e reel and the amount of force it had was enough to generate the course of a short descent, as well as cause harm to the worker (Victor Vs New York Exchange, Case no 197). The trial courts showed that the worker was indeed injured, in addition to suffering from permanent and serious injuries on both his hands while trying to descend the reel downstairs, as well as installing defendant power

1880-1929 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

1880-1929 - Essay Example This migration fuelled economic activities thus leading to urbanization. This progressive era saw the 15th and 16th Amendments being passed that served to free the black American community from chains of slavery and discrimination. It is also these amendments that gave the black men opportunity to participate in electoral voting. However, women had to wait until 1920 before they earned their rights to participate in electoral processes. The progressive legislations were clearly a product of grassroots pressure from abolitionists and women rights movements. Women suffrage movements had by 19th century gained momentum and little could have been done to tone their demands down. All they wanted was their rights just as the African Americans demanded for them. After the war, it was evident that most blacks were still being victims of segregation as most of their basic freedoms were curtailed. Secondly, the industrialization has just taken its roots and most of the workers felt they were working under deplorable conditions. Statistics gathered in the same period revealed that most employees had succumbed to death due to injuries or illnesses relating to their workplaces. Labor movements soon shaped up and calls for the end of child labor, improved working conditions, and better pay became the order of the

Institute Cargo Clauses Essay Example for Free

Institute Cargo Clauses Essay Yatch Insurance entails providing coverage for losses incurred on pleasure craft and also includes liability coverage. Cargo Insurance has a broader scope, which I intend to weigh into more, as far as insurance coverage is concerned. It is a contract under written on the Institute Cargo Clauses offering coverage on an A, B or C basis. Whereas on the on hand A offers a wide cover, C on the other offers a relatively circumscribed one. Institute Cargo Clause A stipulates that the insurer will, upon the incurrence of the loss insured against, cover for all the damage to the subject matter insured. It is however important to note that all damage in this particular case is used to refer only to accidental loss and not that which would eventuate from intentional acts or that are inevitable. Some of the losses that would be excluded from the coverage of this cargo clause include: The above mentioned exclusions are substituted by two other clauses: The War and Strikes Exclusion Clause and The Unseaworthiness and Unfitness Exclusion Clause. Given the nature of structure of the Institute Cargo Clauses B and C, it is important, in the interest of an exhaustive analysis, to look into the content of C before that of B. This is attributable to the fact that to a large extent the content of clause B subsumes that of C and has additional provisions. Institute Cargo Clauses C cover damage to the insured that is attributable to: The insurance also provides coverage for damage or loss to the insured caused by jettison. This covers scenarios where, for instance, a ship caught in a tempestuous sea has to throw into the water certain cargo in the interest of keeping it afloat and protect the remaining. (Donald, OMay. Julian, H. 2003) The B clauses provide coverage for all that is available in the C clauses but stretches farther to include coverage for loss or damage to the subject matter insured that may come about as a consequence of volcanicity, lightening or earthquakes and other tectonic disturbances. It also covers loss caused by †¢ Total loss of any package lost overboard or while loading onto or unloading out of the vessel. †¢ Washing overboard. †¢ Entry of sea, lake or river water into the vessel or storage place. The clauses entailed in B provide for enormous additional coverage that include, among many others, river or sea water and accidents in loading and unloading. It is discernible, however, that there is a vaccum left as far as coverage for theft, delivery failure and shortages are concerned. The contract that would be most ideal for the ship operator in question is the Cargo Insurance, clauses C. These clauses offer a provision that distinctly caters for loss or damage incurred by the subject matter insured due to collision or destructive contact with other vessels while on voyage. The greatest concern being the damage it may cause to other ships and third party property, the ship owner would have to bear in the mind the work framework of the contract as influenced by the Hulls and Machinery( HM) and the Protection and Indemnity Clubs( PI) stipulations. (Donaldson, E. 2000), Marine insurance can be divided into two broad categories: Vessel and Cargo. The insurance of vessels is known as Hull and Machinery (HM). Cover is provided either on voyage or time basis such that under the time basis, a vessel or cargo is covered for a given duration whereas under the voyage basis, the vessel or cargo is covered for voyage between ports set out in the insurance policy. Protection and Indemnity Clubs came into existence much later as compared to the Hull and Machinery. Up until the 19th century, a marine policy covered only seventy-five percent (75%) of the insured’s liability towards the third party. In this respect typical liabilities arose a lot often from â€Å"running down† which refers to collision with another ship in transit, â€Å"allision† which refers to collision with a fixed object and wreck removal. In the 19th century ship owners came together forming mutual under writing clubs and hence the inception of the Protection and Indemnity Clubs (PI). Their strategic intent in that inception was to insure the remaining twenty-five percent (25%) that up until that moment was yet to be catered for by the insurers. The clubs work on the basis of registering ship owners as members who remit a premium which goes towards accumulating a fund with which reinsurance is subsequently purchased. With this in mind it would be a word of sound advice to the ship owner in question to register membership, if he/she is yet to, with a credible Protection and Indemnity Club so as to ensure one hundred percent (100%) coverage of liability to third parties should the hazard occur. (Donaldson, E. 2000), Membership to these clubs, whichever place in the world, is highly advisable as their coverage comes handy in aiding to offset liability that occurred without the ship owners notice. A good case in point is the case, Thatcher vs. Schell, 2005 BCSC 1121. It involved the accident between a 19’ motorboat and a 26’ sailboat operating under power at dusk on Okanagan Lake. Both vessels were destroyed and the occupants sustained injuries. The owner of the motorboat argued that the failure of the sailboat to have appropriate running lights and in its failure to turn to starboard before the collision as stipulated by the regulations. On the other hand the owner of the sailboat argued that the collision was a consequence of the motorboat’s over speeding and failure to maintain a proper view of its environs. It emerged to be undeniable that the driver of the motorboat had not seen the sailboat until immediately before the accident and failed to take the necessary steps to prevent it. All evidence having been reviewed, it was found as a fact that the lighting of the sailboat had not been proper as required and that had caused the collision. In a case such as this one where many would have easily found themselves heaping blame on the owner of the motorboat the scales of justice found the reverse to be the case. In such scenarios as in many others the coverage of Protection and Indemnity Clubs play a very significant role in the complementing of the seventy-five percent coverage provided by the Institute Cargo Clauses C. (Rose,F. 2004) The case, De Merchant Estate vs. Price, 2001 NBQB 98, [2001] N. B. J No. 328 will perhaps bring to the fore what many would think to be an impossibility. The case involved collision between a sailboat under power and a small runboat in a narrow channel. The core of the case was the question of liability and apportionment. The ruling judge found both parties at fault, a matter that posed very awkward an implication. Whereas the operator of the sailboat was faulted for not having the proper lights, failing to operate on the required side of the channel and failing to take evasive action, the owner of the runboat was at fault for operating his vessel under the influence of alcoholic liquor. In a case where either of the two parties would have hoped to leave unscathed by the rod of justice hence evade the charge of liability, both fell victim of it. In both cases mentioned above, the necessity of insurance coverage that caters for liability to third persons on sea cannot be underplayed. Losses can be of unanticipated magnitude and hence very costly to the liable party. Of equal significance is the role played by the Protection and Indemnity Clubs (PI). It is an inception that has relievingly bailed out many from the twenty-five percent cost of liability which would be, in many cases, quite laden. The ship owner in question, seeking insurance cover for liabilities it may incur for the damage that it may cause to ship and other third party property, would best be advised to opt for cargo insurance clauses C and to further it by being part of a Protection and Indemnity club. (Brown, R. H. 2004).

England and the Colonies Essay Example for Free

England and the Colonies Essay The origins of the United States of America can be traced to the colonization of England in the 17th and 18th centuries. Thirteen of the states that are now part of the nation were initially English colonies. However, the relations between England and the colonies were severed when British policies proved to be too oppressive for the colonists. Eventually, the conflict led to the American Revolution, in which the colonies gained their independence from British rule. From the beginning, England and its colonies have differed in terms of social and political climate. These differences contributed in heightening the tension between the two. The colonies were established between the years 1607 and 1733 (Perry, 1989). The first colony was set up in Virginia in 1607. During that time, monarchy still existed in England, but the power of the Parliament in constricting royal authority had increased. This is the reason why the political climate in England was filled with tension. There was always a clash between the monarch and Parliament. When the first colony was founded, James I was the ruling monarch. He had constant disagreement with the Parliament, a disagreement which would eventually worsen with his successor and son Charles I. The tension between the monarch and the Parliament had become worse, prompting a civil war to occur in August 1642. The outcome of the war led to the execution of Charles I and the establishment of a republic. Royal rule was only restored in 1660, with Charles II as monarch (Perry, 1989). The social climate in England was also filled with tension. This was the result of the religious conflict which began during the reign of James I (Perry, 1989). When his predecessor Elizabeth I was the monarch, the Church of England dominated but many people embraced Protestantism. A group of Protestants known as Puritans wanted to remove what they thought was Roman Catholic influence on the Church of England. James I refused to acknowledge the Puritans’ clamor for religious change. During the rule of Charles I, the situation with the Puritans became more intense. William Laud was the archbishop of Canterbury and he promoted unjust treatment of Puritans. Because of his encouragement, many Puritans were fined and put in jail (Perry, 1989). The political climate in the colonies was significantly different from that of England. The colonists did not have a single, central government. They were not ruled by monarchy or Parliament. Those colonies located in Massachusetts, Connecticut and New Hampshire had their own government and set of laws (Perry, 1989). In the Pennsylvania colony, William Penn even supported political freedom (Perry, 1989). This situation left no room for political conflict, as the colonies were left on their own to govern themselves. Hence, the political climate in the colonies was more calm and stable than that in England. It was not until the conflict with England that the colonies were forced to unite and fight the British in war. On the contrary, the social climate is somewhat similar to that in England. Most of the colonists were persecuted in England for their religious beliefs (Perry, 1989). The reason why some of them decided to move to America was because they sought to establish a community where they could freely practice their religion. Unfortunately, some colonists repressed religious preference the same way British leaders did. In the Massachusetts Bay colony, they refused to welcome people who did not embrace the Puritan religion. However, other colonies were more tolerant than others. For instance, the colony established by Roger Williams in Rhode Island permitted people to practice whatever religion they wanted. The same religious tolerance was extended by Penn (Perry, 1989). England and the colonies differed in terms of political and social climate. In England, there was tension due to political conflict and religious intolerance. In the colonies, individual governments avoided political unrest. Just like in England, religious freedom is also repressed in the colonies; nonetheless, this repression is not absolute. Some colonies tolerated differences in religion. These are the differences between England and the colonies. Reference Perry, M. (1989). A History of the World. Massachusetts: Houghton Mifflin.

History of Riots of Los Angeles

History of Riots of Los Angeles For years, Los Angeles, California has been the home of social mayhem. From gang rivalry and racial injustice to job discrimination and police brutality, L.A. has earned one of the most menacing reputations on the West Coast. As a result of racial injustices, poor education, and high unemployment rates, riots are not strangers of L.A. Two of the most well known riots of L.A. are the Watts Riot and the Rodney King Uprising. Both riots were immediate reactions to police brutality. Now, when I hear the word riot, I think of a duration of about two days, three at the most. These two riots, however, lasted five and six days, respectively. Lets take a trip back in time. First, to 1965, which was the year of the Watts Riot. Then, well travel forward in time to 1992, the year of the Rodney King Uprising. The following events are recounted from a nurse, Ms. Robbie Wroten, who provided medical care to residents during these events. It was around 7:15 pm on August 11, and Ms. Wroten was preparing dinner for her three children. On the stove was a pot of green beans, a pot of mashed potatoes, and a frying pan with hot grease, ready to fry chicken. Theres a frantic knock at the door. It was Eli, one of Ms. Wrotens neighbors, coming to tell her that Mark, Marquette Frye, had been arrested. And it wasnt just Mark. It was also Marks brother, Ron, and their mother. The isles that warmed the mashed potatoes and the green beans now provided no heat. The grease that was prepared for the chicken was quickly poured back into its container. In a house coat and worn out bedroom shoes, Ms. Wroten rushed down to the corner of the street, just in time to see a mother and her two sons put in police cars. Surrounding the many police cars were angry residents of Watts, who had no problem expressing their disapproval of the family arrests. Its only cuz they black, Ms. Wroten recalled hearing. They didnt do nothing wrong, another per son yelled. And then, it started. A young African-American male picked up the largest rock he could find and hauled it at one of the police cars driving away. As more and more onlookers began to throw objects, Ms. Wroten ran back to her home and locked her doors. Praying for an end to the actions outside, Ms. Wroten continued to cook her dinner. The next morning, Ms. Wroten woke up to advisories to stay indoors. She kept her children home from school. Later that day, Ms. Wroten had learned, from sources in the community, that what had happened the night before was only the beginning. News reports that night made residents of Watts aware that armed forces had been alerted and would be called into action immediately. Ms. Wroten called her younger sister to advise her to stay indoors. As she explained to her children what was going on, she prepared herself for what was about to happen. By the third day, August 13th, residents were rioting all over Watts. Stores were vandalized, buildings were burned, and citizens were injured. Ms. Wroten was called to provide medical attention to residents. As she immersed herself into the crowded chaos, she found it hard to move from one place to another without witnessing glass bottles with fire-burning paper inside thrown into store windows. She looked to the left of her, and she saw people stealing whatever they could get their hands on. To her right, policemen were struggling to sustain one of the looters caught trying to steal a radio from an appliance store. There were mostly privately owned businesses that were burned. The rioters sought out to aim at white business owners and those who they felt had personally discriminated against them. All around her, there was smoke from the burning buildings, soot from the fire extinguishers, and injured people lying on the ground. Equipped with a first aid kit from the hospital, Ms. Wroten began to help those that she could. She wrapped gauze around gushing wounds, applied sterile bandages to first degree burns, and applied antibiotics to surface cuts. Running back and forth between the hospital and the streets of Watts, she bought oxygen masks for those who were too weak to breathe and carried children to safe homes. Then, she went around from house to house, making sure that the women and children were doing fine. She recalled having to console one woman who thought that her son might have taken part in the rioting and the vandalism of one of the stores. Going to check on her own children, whom she had taken to her sisters house, Ms. Wroten witnessed residents fighting police, residents attacking white motorists, and residents who were preventing firefighters from putting out some of the fires. These, and similar, events continued throughout the day. At one point, Ms. Wroten recalls being unable to recognize herself when she looked in one of the few glass windows that had not been broken. Soot covered her entire body, from her hair to her shoes. She thought to herself, Its hard enough just trying to survive out here. How in the world could someone be concerned with stealing things from a store? As the night came, more and more armed forces appeared on the scene, attempting to control the rioters. Fire brigades were trying to put out fires, while guardsmen attempted to restore order in the streets. By the fourth day of the riots, officials were everywhere. The government had established a curfew to keep people from coming outside. Ms. Wroten recalls government officials standing in front of houses to ensure that no one disobeyed the rules of the curfew. It worked. By Sunday, August 15, the officials had finally gotten the riots under control. Fires, vandalism, and looting had all ceased. Millions of dollars worth of damage were left as a result. Five years after the Watts Riots, Ms. Wroten recalls that the neighborhood was still scarred from the events of 1965. Burned buildings that were once prosperous before the riots remained bleak. Lots remained empty, and hope of restoration subsided. Many people left Watts, either in search of better living conditions, or afraid of a reoccurrence. Ultimately it was identified that the arrest of the Frye family was not the solitary reason of the Watts Riots. Some underlying reasons were high unemployment, inferior living conditions, and poor schooling. Little efforts were made to change these attributes, and therefore, Watts still has many of these issues today. In 1992, Ms. Wroten witnessed another riot in South Central, L.A., the Rodney King Uprising. Rodney King, an African-American male, had been violently attacked by four white police officers shortly after he led police on a high speed chase. The beating had been caught on tape. Charged with assault and use of excessive force, a jury, which was predominantly white, acquitted the police officers. The riots began shortly after the verdict was passed. Ms. Wroten remembered being on her way to work when the riots began. She described the scene as a war zone. She noted that, contrary to reports and popular belief, African- Americans were not the only participants of the riots. She said that there were many Hispanics causing upheaval as an outcry of the discrimination they were subjected to. As is the case with the Watts Riots, there was not solitary reason for this uprising. The once all African-American community was threatened by the newly inhabitant Hispanic population. Residents were fu ll of anger and it was as if everyone felt discriminated against. Ms. Wroten also remembered the attack on Reginald Denny, which occurred about three hours after the riots began. In the words of Ms. Wroten, Reginald Denny was in the wrong place at the wrong time. He was a truck driver who was making a delivery a few blocks away from where he was dragged out of his truck and attacked by a gang of residents. He was hit in the head with concrete and cinder block until he was unconscious. This attack happened as a result of the hatred toward the White population in Los Angeles. Though she did not witness the Fidel Lopez beating, she was told about it. Lopez was attacked minutes after Denny had been rescued. He was also pulled from his truck and attacked. He was robbed of a substantial amount of money. His head had been cracked open by a car stereo, and one of his ears was partially cut off. Then, the whole front side of his body was spray painted black, including his genitals. Ms. Wroten believes this attack was geared towards the Hispanic community. Similar to the Watts Riots, she witnessed looting, vandalism, and stores being set afire. She recalled the military coming into the community to restore order. They established curfews and prevented residents from travelling at will. For a while, no one could leave or enter South Central, Los Angeles, for fear that another riot would ensue. She comments that unlike the Watts Riots, the community rebounded quickly. Within about a day of military authority, the riots were over and the angered community began to return to a peaceful one. She and most of her family attended the peace rally that was held on that Saturday. She said she was very glad to see how many people were in attendance. She described it is a whole bunch of people. Though the riots were declared over by the sixth day, there were still a few random acts of violence and threatening incidents that occur a couple days after. For this reason, the National Guard remained present in South Central for another two weeks. Historically, Los Angeles, California has suffered from poor education, high unemployment, racial injustices, and police brutality. Even today, some of those conditions have not changed. Los Angeles is still attempting to recover from the tragedies that happened years ago. They say that history repeats itself, but this is one instance in which I really hope it doesnt. I hope that twenty years from now, when I assign my students this project, they will be able to report that Los Angeles has made a complete turnaround, and that the things of the past, stay in the past.

Night :: essays research papers

A Night to Remember The most traumatic experience I've ever gone through was getting held up by three Mexicans. In some ways I regret my actions. If I had it my way, I would go back and handle myself a lot differently. Luckily, this situation now makes me think more when I'm in other tense situations. It all started Halloween night 2001 in Dallas, Texas. My girlfriend, Tamara and I were driving from her house to mine for the night. It was about a thirty-minute drive and somewhere along the way we got separated. Tamara called me about five minutes from my house and told me there were some guys following her. I said "okay, well meet me in front of my house and I'll see who it is. I thought it would be a bunch of high school punks. Tamara pulled up to my house and so did a red Ford Taurus. While pulling in the Taurus pinned Tamara's car in so it couldn't move. That's when these guys really started pissing me off. The guys in the Taurus didn't realize I was there because I had my lights off so I turned my brights on and speed in front of there car and got out and yelled "What the fuck are you doing following my girlfriend." After saying this I looked into the car and realized that these guys weren't in high school. They were three adult Mexican males who didn't loo k too happy with the words I had spoken. After a brief pause the man from the passenger seat got out of the car and shouted "what the fuck did you just say to me?" I froze in total shock as he pulled a gun on me and told me he was going to shoot me. I was totally numb at this point, as anyone would be. He then started yelling that I wasn't such a big man now and that I was just a punk ass white boy. The man started asking me what I thought about dieing and asking me if I wanted to die. I responded surprisingly calm and said "no sir, I don't want to die, and I’d like to live". The man must have asked me if I wanted to die a dozen or so times. The man continued to walk around ranting and raving and shouting at me. While walking around shouting he was waving his gun in my face which was making me very nervous.

Essay --

Iran, India, and Mexico are in extremely different parts of the world, making them very different from each other. The three countries have different histories, geographies, and natural resources that have shaped their development. Still, an analysis of Iran’s, India’s, and Mexico’s economic development and globalization, media access and coverage, and political leaders, shows that there are some undeniable similarities. Despite the three countries being similar in some ways, overall Iran, India, and Mexico are extremely different from each other; each country has a different historical background that has shaped it to be what it is today economically, socially, and politically. I. Economic Development and Globalization Iran: In Iran, the economy relies on oil for much of the government’s revenue. Overall in Iran, the state has a very ineffective state sector, with statist policies that control much of what is economic policy. This creates a lot of economic issues, causing Iran’s economy to rely on oil. There is not much of a private sector in Iran besides small workshops, farming, and some manufacturing. The government’s price controls and subsidies often hinder private sector growth. In Iran, there is a good amount of informal economic exchange outside of government regulation, as well as corruption. In the early 1990’s Iran’s government realized they needed to improve many factors of the economy. One major law created to improve the economy was President Mahmud Ahmadi-Nejad’s Targeted Subsidies Law. The Majles, Iran’s national legislative body, passed this law in 2010 to reduce state subsidies on food and energy. Over a period of five years, Iran’s legislatures worked to remove subsidies from the economy that were very ... ... be said for Iran and India. Mr. Singh, like many of the political elite in Mexico, is highly educated. Although Iran, India, and Mexico are similar in some ways economically, socially, and politically, for the most part they are very different. Iran’s economy relies on oil, while India’s economy is more services-oriented. Still, Mexico’s economy is similar to India’s—both having significant private sectors. Also, Iran, India, and Mexico are similar in that each country has a state-run television broadcasting. However, Iran’s government is clearly the most strict with what its citizens can view and Mexico is less strict and has more broadcasting companies. Iran is also different from India and Mexico because Iran has a theocratic ruler, Ayatollah Ali Khamenei, whereas the other two countries do not. Overall, these countries are very different from each other.

Chinas growing economy :: essays papers

After North America, Europe, and Japan, the area of China, Taiwan, and Hong Kong "is a fourth growth pole in the world economy" (Jue 108) which in 1994 was expected to double in size by 2002. Today, the growth rate is still on track to fulfill that prediction. Recent Chinese economic policies have shot the country into the world economy at full speed. As testimony of this, China’s gross domestic product has risen to seventh in the world, and its economy is growing at over nine percent per year (econ-gen 1). Starting in 1979, the Chinese have implemented numerous economic and political tactics to open the Chinese marketplace to the rest of the world. Chinese reform measures even anticipated the rush of foreign investment by opening newly expanded industries to out-of-country investors. As trade expands globally and countries within geographical proximity and of similar cultural descent and philosophies ally themselves in order to better compete on a world level, we are se eing the development of increasing number of geographical trade alliances, whatever the underlying reasons behind each. The alliances that have been in place for a while are proving to be very successful in competing in the international markets, stimulating the economies of nearly all of their member states. Effects of this change in economic strategy by a world power can be felt by practically every nation of the globe involved in international trade. The change in the amount of imports and exports to and from China will increase the demand on countless markets. Also, with all the foreign investment China is receiving, the socialistic republic will only grow more and more interdependent upon the world economy. However, the impressive growth rate of China’s economy is not without its shortcomings. Problems such as inflation and inefficient state-owned enterprises plague the rise of the Chinese economy. When China opened its economic borders 19 years ago, environmentalists spoke of the "efficiency" of their farming systems and how they used hardly any organic fuels in the production of food for their people relative to some of the other countries of the world-most notably the United States. What they neglected to mention, however, that one farmer at the end of one rake struggling to feed his family kept fuel consumption very low indeed. It was not, by any stretch, "efficient.

Disparities in Health Care

Problems of Disparities in Health Care Insurance The United States leads the world in spending on health care. Yet , other countries spending substantially less than the United States have healthier populations. America’s performance is marred by deep inequalities linked to income, health insurance coverage, race, ethnicity, geography, and – critically – access to care. Employer-based Insurance plans Income The United States is the only wealthy country with no universal health insurance system. Its mix of employer-based private insurance and public coverage has never reached all Americans.All working Americans are categorized based on annual income – top-income (earning on average $210,100 annually), higher-middle-income (earning an average of $84,800 annually), lower-middle-income earning on average $41,500), and bottom-income (earning an average of $14,800 annually) (Auguste, Laboissiere, & Mendonca, 2009). As the general population knows that those are in the both top-income category and higher-middle-income category can afford any expenses that are incurred in facilities, doctor visits, ER visits, etc. ithout any hindrance (Auguste et al. , 2009). The lower-middle-income and bottom-income population have much harder time in paying for services because it puts them in a tight budget. Paying for out-of-pocket costs can be detrimental to one's credit and often those patients are sent to collections if they can't pay. As reported in the 2011 study done in Arizona by Herman, Rissi, and Walsh, it also confirmed that individuals who have higher incomes were able to pay for medical expenses without going through financial hardships. CostIts been reported that immigrants have less access to care due to having no insurance plans and the cost of services when they are sick than the general population born in the United States (Pandey, 2010). In Herman et al. ‘s study (2011), out-of-pocket medical expenses caused financial hardships an d that top-income individuals were able to cover cost of medical services without hardships. It has been made known by many employers are making employees be responsible for a portion of health care costs by raising premiums or deductibles (Auguste et al. , 2009).Because of rising costs of deductibles (out-of-pocket costs) and the rising cost of premiums, employees are opting-out of enrolling into employer-based health insurance plan saying that to get the coinsurance amount, the deductible amount that they have to meet is out of their financial budget (Quinn, 2011). Race/Ethnicity and Environment Evidence of racial and ethnic disparities in health-care is, with few exceptions, remarkably consistent across a range of illnesses and health-care services. These disparities are associated with socioeconomic differences.Its been reported that immigrants are less likely to use the health care system yet alone have no health insurance coverage (Pandey, 2010). Its not only immigrants who ha ve trouble getting care, but different nationalities in the United States population have trouble as well – just to name a few – American Indians, Asian Americans, Hispanics, populations that live in rural and urban areas, and the general population ranging from infants to senior citizens (Copeland, 2005). Especially the Hispanic or Latino population were less likely to seek care (Herman, et al. , 2011).African American populations are the most researched when it comes to health care issues. For example, a study was done on racial disparities in exposure, susceptibility, and access to health care in the United States H1N1 Influenza pandemic which reported that Hispanics were at greater risk of exposure, however Blacks were a lot more susceptible in contracting H1N1 (Quinn, 2011). Access to Care Unequal access to health care has clear links to health outcomes. The uninsured are less likely to have regular outpatient care, so they are more likely to be hospitalized for a voidable health problems.The lack of transportation, health insurance, providers, appointment access, and inconvenient location of doctors offices caused many people to have poor health (Copeland, 2005). In 2011, a study in Arizona was performed to see is access to care was an issue among the residents. The study found that people who were uninsured had problems paying bills which prevented the ability to seek care and receive treatment (Herman, et al. , 2011). Individuals with higher incomes were able to seek care as well as ace/ethnicity background were indicators that individuals were less likely to seek care (Herman, et al. , 2011). Conclusion Income level and race/ethnicity in relation to environment, cost of medical services, access to care, play big roles as to why there are disparities in health care insurance. References Auguste, B. G. , Laboissiere, M. , & Mendonca, L. T. (2009). How health care costs contribute to income disparity in the United States. Mckinsey Quarterly, (2), 50-51. Copeland, V. (2005). African Americans: Disparities in Health Care Access and Utilization. Health &Social Work, 30(3), 265. Herman, P. E. (2011). Health Insurance Status, Medical Debt, and Their Impact on Access to Care in Arizona. American Journal Of Public Health, 101(8), 1437. doi:10. 2105/AJPH. 2010. 300080 Quinn, S. (2011). Racial Disparities in Exposure, Susceptibility, and Access to Health Care in the US H1N1 Influenza Pandemic. American Journal Of Public Health, 101(2), 285. doi:10. 2105/AJPH. 2009. 188029 Pandey, S. (2010). Health Insurance Disparities among Immigrants: Are Some Legal Immigrants More Vulnerable Than Others?. Health & Social Work, 35(4), 267.

What Is Wpa

What is the WPA program? Will it help the economy? What are the advantages and Disadvantages? How much does it cost? These are all questions most Americans have when Obama planned to bring back the Work Progress Administration (WPA). I am going to tell you what WPA is and the pros and cons of it. During the Great Depression, anxious that the dole not become â€Å"narcotic,† in President Franklin D. Roosevelt’s words, the U. S. Congress in 1935 created the WPA to administer $5 billion for public works. The WPA's goal was to employ as many people as possible on projects that would provide long-term benefit to local communities. This created job’s to build bridges in disrepair, parks in shambles and fix boarded-up buildings. Ideally, workers would also receive on-the-job training to prepare them for further employment. For example, the WPA made a significant impact on Oklahoma. At the end of the day, of 166,000 Oklahomans certified for WPA jobs approximately 119,000 were employed at some point between 1935 and 1937. Including those recruited into a special drought-relief work program, more than half the state's work relief recipients were farmers. To assure that private employment remained appealing, project wages were lower than typical rates. Organized labor complained that the original unskilled rate of eighteen cents an hour depressed all wages. The Works Progress Administration (renamed during 1939 as the Work Projects Administration; WPA) was the largest and most determined new deal agency, employing millions of unskilled workers to carry out public works projects. This is the same project Obama is trying to reinstate to better the millions of unemployed Americans today: economic relief, a new deal, one that keeps unemployment below double digits by focusing on refurbishing the United States. Like most notions or strategies there are pros and cons. The pro to this â€Å"New Deal† is the amount of jobs that will be created. The economic recovery bill by Democrats would spend two years putting more than 4 million Americans to work. Private corporations and city governments have already prepared more than 30,000 â€Å"shovel-ready† projects that need federal funding. But do we know what jobs will be provided or do we care? During the Great Depression, in our nation's capital, more than 100 men were paid to scare off pigeons. In Brooklyn, men and women worked as fire hydrant decorators. And in Boston, the government sponsored a project to make fish chowder. Indian tribes were paid to create new totem poles and other artifacts. Does this matter? What skills will they have once the WPA is over? For now, the $825 billion economic recovery plan doesn't get too specific about the jobs that might be available to the unemployed. But with $90 billion assigned for organization investment, this being said, construction worker, a transportation expert or just about anyone who works at an airport can expect better times ahead. Retrofitting federal buildings with up-to-date technology to save energy costs is a priority. 19 billion has been set aside for clean water, flood control and environmental restoration investments and ensuring that the United States builds on its digital capacity according to Ross Eisenbrey, the vice president of the Economic Policy Institute. Unlike the original WPA, which wrote checks directly to employees, the new bill is set up so that 90 percent of the projects will be privately run by corporations or nonprofits, which w ill send in proposals or bid on existing government contracts. Instead of the federal government assigning jobs, qualified workers will be pursued by project managers. The WPA employed more than 8. 5 million people at a total cost of some $11 billion in its eight years. It conducted more than 1. 4 million separate construction projects that built: over 650,000 miles of roads, nearly 1,000 bridges, 125,000 buildings, 8,000 parks, over 800 airplane landing strips, 3,000 tennis courts, 3,300 storage dams, and 5,800 mobile libraries. Bringing this program back will bring the U. S. out of the depression we are in now. During the first WPA there was a problem of race and uneven pay; will this be issues again? Uneven distribution of pay was along regional and racial lines. The national monthly WPA wage in 1936 was $52, but in the south it was $23. WPA regulations stipulated that a prospective WPA worker could not refuse private employment at pay rates prevailing in his/her community. Since the prevailing wage was lower for blacks, blacks refusing a $3 a week private job might be denied WPA employment. I know that this was a completely different time period but let’s be honest there are still close minded people and this might be another issue or disadvantage to consider. There are several different opinions on how our country should be ran, some agree with the WPA programs and others do not understand it. This is one opinion, â€Å"the logic of WPA has got me totally baffled: if a nation can afford to pay people to do infrastructure improvement via WPA, presumably it can afford to pay regular contractors to do the same thing. And the latter would do the job more efficiently than WPA. † Is spending money on another government program a disadvantage? â€Å"Then it means we have wasted hundreds of billions of dollars, piling up additional debt for us and our children. † Ralph Musgrave. If the money the government is going to use to create more jobs is not good investments, what happens? No just good investments but long enough, will we being going through this again in 50 years. Other questions are will the WPA spending be quick enough to stimulate the economy? As I stated above, more than 100 men were paid to scare off pigeons. In Brooklyn, men and women worked as fire hydrant decorators. And in Boston, the government sponsored a project to make fish chowder. While the WPA created a job for these individuals, what trait or skill were they supposed to use after the program was over? If Obama wants to bring this program back we need to create more jobs with better skills. All this being said I am for the WPA coming back as long as we work out the miner kinks. Bringing this program back will bring the U. S. out of the depression we are in now. The Works Progress Administration (renamed during 1939 as the Work Projects Administration; WPA) was the largest and most determined new deal agency, employing millions of unskilled workers to carry out public works projects. If Obama reinstates this program millions of unemployed Americans today will be in economic relief. We need a â€Å"new deal†, one that keeps unemployment around four percent by focusing on restoring the United States.

Methods and Techniques Required to Produce Mayonnaise

Making mayonnaise Abtract A combination of oil, water, egg yolk, and stabilizers was combined in an effort to produce mayonnaise. The final emulsion was a result of a trial and error process to perfect the timing and order of the addition of ingredients. The procedure was only attempted once. It was concluded that adding the oil slowly to the egg yolk and adding the stabilizers at the end would produce a mayonnaise similar to manufactured mayonnaise. Introduction The purpose of this experiment is to determine the methods and techniques equired to produce mayonnaise.Mayonnaise is an emulsion, which means that it is a stable combination of two liquids that are immiscible. They key to this concept is that the combination must be stable. Water and oil, for example, do not combine to form an emulsion because of hydrogen bonds that form between each other in water molecules. These bonds prevent oil molecules from getting in. In order to create an emulsion, an emulsifier must be added to th e combination. An emulsifier is a compound that stabilizes emulsions.These emulsifiers, which are also often added to soap, have long chains of carbon and hydrogen atoms with a hydrophilic (water loving) and hydrophobic (water fearing) ends. This allows them to form a stable bridge between the hydrophilic water and the hydrophobic oil. Lecithin, a phospholipid with a hydrophobic head and two hydrophobic tails found in egg yolks, is one example of how emulsifiers can take shape. This is relevant to the production of mayonnaise because mayonnaise is an emulsion legally defined as including â€Å"65% il and egg yolk†.The emulsifying agent in mayonnaise is the egg yolk, which is an emulsion of it's own with †48% water, †16% proteins, †10% lecithin and †13% fats and cholesterol. Low-density lipoproteins (LDL), high-density lipoproteins (HDL) and various other proteins can be found in the yolk. HDL particles require an extra boost to improve their ability to act as an emulsifier because their particles are too large to coat the oil droplets without being separated from another.

Heart and Cardiac Muscle Essay

What is the heart? The heart is the organ that supplies blood and oxygen to all parts of the body. It is about the size of a clenched fist, weighs about 10.5 ounces and is shaped like a cone. The heart is located in the chest cavity just posterior to the breastbone, between the lungs and superior to the diaphragm. The heart is surrounded by a fluid filled sac called the pericardium. Blood is pumped away from the heart through arteries and returns to the heart through veins. The major artery of the body is the aorta and the major veins of the body are the vena cavae. Chambers of the Heart The heart is divided by a partition or septum into two halves. The halves are in turn divided into chambers. The upper two chambers of the heart are called atria and the lower two chambers are calledventricles. The atria receive blood returning to the heart from the body and the ventricles pump blood from the heart to the body. Valves allow blood to flow in one direction between the chambers of the heart. The Heart Wall The heart is composed of cardiac muscle which enable the heart to contract and allow the synchronization of the heart beat. The heart wall is divided into three layers: the epicardium, myocardium, and endocardium. * Epicardium – outer protective layer of the heart. * Myocardium – muscular middle layer wall of the heart. * Endocardium – inner layer of the heart that is continuous with the inner lining of blood * Cardiac Conduction * Cardiac conduction is the rate at which the heart conducts electrical impulses. Cardiac muscle cells contract spontaneously and are coordinated by nodal tissue, specifically the sinoatrial node. There are other factors that influence heart rate as well. These include endocrine hormones, body temperature and exercise. * Cardiac Cycle * The cardiac cycle is the sequence of events that occur when the heart beats. There are two phases of this cycle which are the diastole and systole phases. During the diastole phase, the atria and ventricles are relaxed and blood flows into the atria and ventricles. In the systole phase, the ventricles contract sending blood to the rest of the body. A heartbeat is a two-part pumping action that takes about a second. As bloodcollects in the upper chambers (the right and left atria), the heart’s natural pacemaker (the SA node) sends out an electrical signal that causes the atria to contract. This contraction pushes blood through the tricuspid and mitral valves into the resting lower chambers (the right and left ventricles). This part of the two-part pumping phase (the longer of the two) is called diastole. The second part of the pumping phase begins when the ventricles are full of blood. The electrical signals from the SA node travel along a pathway of cells to the ventricles, causing them to contract. This is called systole. As the tricuspid and mitral valves shut tight to prevent a back flow of blood, the pulmonary and aortic valves are pushed open. While blood is pushed from the right ventricle into the lungs to pick up oxygen, oxygen-rich blood flows from the left ventricle to the heart and other parts of the body. After blood moves into the pulmonary artery and the aorta, the ventricles relax, and the pulmonary and aortic valves close. The lower pressure in the ventricles causes the tricuspid and mitral valves to open, and the cycle begins again. This series of contractions is repeated over and over again, increasing during times of exertion and decreasing while you are at rest. The heart normally beats about 60 to 80 times a minute when you are at rest, but this can vary. As you get older, your resting heart rate rises. Also, it is usually lower in people who are physically fit. Your heart does not work alone, though. Your brain tracks the conditions around you—climate, stress, and level of physical activity—and adjusts your cardiovascular system to meet those needs. The human heart is a muscle designed to remain strong and reliable for a hundred years or longer. By reducing your risk factors for cardiovascular disease, you may help your heart stay healthy longer.

Allegory of the Cave vs. 12 Angry Men

In â€Å"Allegory of the Cave†, Plato explains that if you chain a man to a wall where he can’t move his head or any other part of his body while there is a fire behind him with people walking around holding things, he will eventually start to believe the shadows are reality instead of a falsehood. He then continues to explain that if you turn the man around and show him what was really behind him, he will not believe the reality but instead believe the falsehood of the shadows which he convinced himself to be reality, this being called fallibility.Fallibility is defined as being able to be misled. Plato further explains that if you take the guy out of the cave and into the real world, the reality of the world will slowly and with great difficulty hit him, but he will slowly accept reality instead of the shadows he had taken to be the true forms of life. What if he would go back in the cave then and try to explain that the shadows are not a reality but instead a falseho od.Fallibility also shows up in 12 Angry Men when the prosecutors try to form the evidence and testimonies into making it seem like the young boy was guilty of murdering his father when he really wasn’t. In 12 Angry Men, a group of jurors are presented with a case in which a child is accused of murdering his father, and all evidence presented seems to indicate this to be true. It seems the jurors are set on deciding him to be guilty, but one juror does not give consent, and questions the case. Through deliberation, the jurors change mindset and see that the child could easily be not guilty.Only after much deliberation and argument, they all decide him not to be guilty. Had that one juror not stuck with his gut feeling and voted not guilty, causing the rest of them to deliberate, that young boy would’ve been sent off to die. This issue of deliberation also pops up in â€Å"Allegory of the Cave† when the man would go back into the cave and try to explain to the ot hers that the shadows are not reality. They would not deliberate with him about it and in turn believe the fallibility of the shadows being their reality.

Strategic Management politics and law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Strategic Management politics and law - Essay Example Meanwhile the forecasted growth rate for the car industry in the United States for the third quarter 2005 is 3.6 percent and this has decreased to 2.6 percent for the last quarter of 2005. For the first quarter 2006, the first quarter forecasted grown rate has increased to 3.3 percent and finally for the second quarter of 2006, the growth rate has further increased to 3.7 percent. the European region has contributed the second highest growth rate of fifty percent as compared to the third top growth rate producer of forty two percent growth rate established by the rest of Europe for the year 2005. For the year 2006, the growth rate of the European region has increased to fifty sixty percent as compared to the rest of Europe region contribution of only forty two percent. The number one contributor to growth rate is the United States with a one hundred twenty seven percent increase in growth rate for the year 2005. This growth rate has been maintained at twenty seven percent for the year 2006. This only shows that in order to increase sales, a car manufacturing company must offer their brands to the United States market. Based on Table 4, Vehicle sales for the year 2004, 17.9 million cars for the year 2004 in the United States Market whereas for the year 2009, which is five years later, the number of cars sold in the United States is 16.1 million cars as compared to the Western Europe region of only 16.9 million cars. This will show that United States market has increased by four percent while the Western European market has increased by a higher five percent. The major market for American and European cars is China and India. The population of China is now bigger the population of the United States and the Chinese government has opened up its gates to imported cars in its drive to be an industrialized nation under its agreement to implement the policies of the World Trade Organization in terms of exports and imports of goods such as cars. The Chinese government has also allowed the infusion of much needed investments in the tune of $60 billion per year. The entry, though, of foreign cars into China will taper off the five major local Chinese car manufacturers. The sales of Chinese made cars, based on table 4, is estimated at 4.9 million cars for the year 2004 and this is greatly increase by sixty one percent to 7.9 million cars after five years or 7.9 cars in the year 2009. This is because the Chinese government has implemented the construction of roads which covers many locations within China.Employment. Based on table 4, the Vehicle sales there is an increase in United States car sales of four percent for the year 2009 as compared to the year 2004. There is also an increase of car sales for the Western Europe region for the year 2009 of five percent as compared to the year 2005. There is also, as discussed above, an increase in car sales in China of sixty one percent in the year.Furthermore, Table 5 Vehicle productions in 2004 versus 2009 shows that the United States has produced 12 million cars in the year 2004 which will increase to 12.3 million cars in the year 2009. This resulted to an increase of three percent in terms of units manufactured. This then will be

A specific function of an element of the U.S.Department of Homeland Research Paper

A specific function of an element of the U.S.Department of Homeland Security...I want to ICE - Research Paper Example However, it seems that many had barely looked at the surface, while credits for the many accomplishments in the preservation of national security were enjoyed by renowned groups only. There is more to ICE than meets the eye. Crime has many forms, and until one is committed, authorities may not be instigated to design the appropriate laws and the organization to enforce them. The establishment of the Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE) entails a long history of trial and error. From a small unit, it evolved into an all-encompassing crime-busting organization, and front-liner in the operation against terrorism. In fact, before 9/11, immigration and customs authorities were not widely recognized as an effective counterterrorism tool in the United States. ICE changed this by creating a host of new systems to better address national security threats and to detect potential terrorist activities in the United States. ICE targets the people, money, and materials that support terrorist criminal activity (Fay, 2007, p. 591) So much was the impact of the 9-11 tragedy that the Government addressed areas of â€Å"national security† before all other concerns. Intelligence planned to engage in strategies to monitor all means of communications and dissemination of information. The President made efforts to build close relationships with his counterparts abroad to extend the nation’s scope of alliance. Federal authorities created ICE to ensure that whatever the cause of the blunder was, it will not happen again. Today, although ICE is hardly ever portrayed in the big screen like the FBI and CIA, and thus is not identified by many, it is always included in the cast when national security is at risk. They perform such functions that affect millions of lives, directly and indirectly. Since then, the United States has not been subjected to anymore instance of terrorist attack, and the question lies on whether it was due to ICE’s effective performance, or

Bias and Diversity among healthcare services providers from an ethical Essay

Bias and Diversity among healthcare services providers from an ethical prospective - Essay Example n and medical trainees, to prevent unconscious stereotypes and cultural/racial attitudes from influencing the outcomes and course of clinical encounters. Such skills and strategies are designed to I. enhance internal motivation with an aim of reducing bias, while at the same time avoiding external pressure; II. Increase the understanding on the basis of psychological bias and III. Enhance the confidence of the providers in their ability to interact successfully with socially dissimilar patients. There is need for measures and programs that will offer an environment that is not threatening to practice new desirable skills and the need to avoid health providers ashamed of ethnic, cultural, or racial stereotypes. Studies on social cognitive psychology show that with sufficient cognitive resources, effort, and motivation, people are able to focus on the individuals’ unique qualities, and not on the groups they are from, in behaving and forming impression towards others. Even stereotypes and prejudice that are automatically activated can be inhibited when individuals are perceived more in relation to their particular qualities rather than as social categories members. Interventions to check on biases in health providers’ behavior, decision making, and judgment should therefore promote individuation cognitive strategy, where the health provider focuses on the personal attributes of a particular patient, and not on categorization (Baum 26). There is a direct relationship between health practices and culture. Different studies have shown that of the many factors that determine health behaviors and beliefs, culture is among the most influential. In an effort to meet the culturally diverse groups needs, health care providers have to be cultural competent. Dienemann (2007) defined cultural competence in his study as a set of congruent attitudes, policies, and behaviors that come together in an agency, a system, or amongst professionals and enable an agency, system or

Multimedia Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Multimedia - Essay Example Digital information refers to the system of information based on discontinuous data or events. In addition, digital literacy defines the overall ability of identifying, utilizing, evaluating, creating, and manipulating information using digital technology, which incorporates the use of discrete and discontinuous values. Such data is expressed in terms of strings of zeroes and ones i.e. 0’s and 1’s, where each of these state digits being referred as a binary digit (Anon, 2009). The emergence of digital information has resulted in the introduction of and adoption of digital technology, which has provided innovations such as digital computers, laptops, digital cameras, iPads, and other digital electronics that have enhanced the digital information processing, and dissemination of digital information. The computing machines distinguish and use only the two binary values of 0’s and 1’s. Digital literacy has been adopted within the higher education because of th e technology change and the need for information access. Higher education includes tertiary institutions such as Colleges, Universities among others. Such institutions have vast number of individuals who need to access more information in terms of research, and within their studying environments to complete assignments and projects. Availability of the internet and networking technologies has efficiently enabled the access, distribution, and communication among individuals using digital literacy. Benefits of digital literacy Digital technology has led to the growth and constant adoption of digital literacy, which has promoted the following benefits. It has enabled majority of the individuals within the higher learning institutions to have constant access to information concerning their courses, performing online assessments and assignments for their academic progress. Learning course materials have been easily uploaded on the major academic sites including the various blackboard sit es for institutions for the students to easily access information, perform online assignments, and submit results for assessment. This has reduced the bulkiness of paperwork within the learning environment and reduced the time required for completion of assignments by both the students and their lecturers. Digital literacy has enabled individuals to make plans, chat with friends, get news concerning academics and the entire world, perform constant downloads for books, software, movies and music from online music stores, and access online shopping through e-commerce sites and companies (Anon, 2009). The technology has increased learner effectiveness, efficiency, engagement, and development of positive student attitudes towards learning. There has been a change in the student behavior in terms of readiness to learning, and integration of the students in the learning process of digital literacy (Underwood, 2009). Technology use Digital literacy technology can be adopted in classroom se ssions by using computing machines (personal computers and portable laptops, iPads among others) which are connected to output devices such as projectors, which output the information. The course materials including lecture notes, assignments, and student results are uploaded on the institution’s intranet, including the e-learning blackboard site and easily downloaded for use in the classrooms with students. In the workplace, such technology can be adopted through various forms such as uploading the information on the company’s site to be accessed only by authorized staff members. Also through conferencing, using digital cameras enables individuals far from their workplace to communicate and virtual conduct meetings with the present members at the offices within the company. Technology implications Digital technology

Digital Cinema Review and Analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Digital Cinema Review and Analysis - Essay Example The effects used in Gravity are simply astonishing as they hit the viewers emotionally, spiritually, and psychologically. The director, Cuaron, has used his signature style for this movie which is the technique of using long shots. The camera and shooting techniques of the movie have greatly contributed in making it a visually appealing movie and along with that, these techniques have helped in depicting the story and the concepts of the movie pretty well. Gravity tends to be a weighty movie which means that the script had been prepared over a course of five years and the direction of the film only became possible with the new techniques of lighting, shooting, and directing which marked a new era of fictional film making. The story is about a medical researcher who is self-alienated from the community of humans and the Earth. Eventually she is put all alone in space for great stretches of time. Space is an important aspect and metaphor for the film which helps the characters to explore themselves and struggle for survival. In space, in the weightlessness, the inaction of an individual’s personality becomes a physical force. The movie shows many cocoons for survival including ships, stations, and spacesuits which challenge the stark deadliness for an unprotected human of the universe. The space aspect brings in an emotional theme where it is shown that humans can take the Earth’s environment into space in little bits and pieces but the Mother Planet has immense gravity which attracts the human to come back home. There are also physics concepts which come in this theme when the researcher is given deadly barriers to cross making her life-giving atmosphere a threat (Hughes 1). This story is between the Earth and space and in order to bring the heavy story back down to the Earth into the hearts of the audience, the director has used 90

The Pros and Cons and Military Draft Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

The Pros and Cons and Military Draft - Essay Example The pros and cons and military draft – within different political and social conditions – are presented and analyzed in this paper. Emphasis is given on the identification of the characteristics of the relevant decision – i.e. whether it promotes freedom or not. The examination of the existing literature led to the assumption that military draft is not necessarily an indication of freedom; it is rather related with the political framework of each country reflecting the thoughts of the governors rather than the willingness of the citizens to participate in military initiatives. In other words, it has been proved that freedom can cost; moreover, it is made clear that citizens are not free to decide on their participation in initiatives that aim to protect the freedom of their nation. This fact does not necessarily indicate the lack of their willingness for participating in the relevant schemes. In any case, the terms under which the military draft is currently deve loped lead to a series of positive and negative effects – as analytically explained below. The Military Draft has been developed in order to serve specific needs: the number of the citizens participating in the military corps had to be estimated and evaluated – taking into consideration the military needs of each country – at least this is the initial role of the Military Draft as part of a country’s political framework. At the next level, the Military Draft can serve a series of additional needs, for instance, the need of a country to improve its position in the international community – by showing a well structured and highly populated army.